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Thursday, 29 November 2012

Search for missing Spitfires in Burma due to begin


http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20515659 Work is due to start in January to unearth dozens of missing British Spitfires believed to have been buried in the Burmese jungle at the end of World War II. What began as one man's quest to discover the truth of claims that unused unassembled aircraft were packed into crates and buried by the RAF in Burma in 1945 has captured the imagination of a war games company and a team of experts, including archaeologists and scientists. They all gathered at the Imperial War Museum in London on Wednesday to outline their plans for the dig, due to get under way in the New Year. It is thought 36 planes could be lying undiscovered in Mingaladon - one of three sites where it is believed as many as 60 Spitfires in total may be located.
"It could also be one of the most fascinating discoveries in aviation archaeology” Andy Brockman Project archaeologist Farmer and aviation enthusiast David Cundall, from Lincolnshire, is spearheading the dig, having spent 16 years and thousands of pounds already researching the project. "I have been flying airplanes for 45 years and been digging up sites looking for military aircraft for 36 years. It's in my blood," he said. After hearing the story of the buried planes, he sought out eyewitness accounts from American and British service personnel, as well as local people, who told him how scores of brand new Mark XIV Spitfires were buried in 1945 under the orders of Lord Mountbatten. He said one local Burmese man recalled how, as a 15-year-old, he and his father had transported timber that had been used as the Spitfires were buried. The local man led him to the spot where the planes had been put. Clues found But aside from these eyewitnesses, all the experts have uncovered so far are tantalising signs of increased electrical conductivity found in two areas during an electromagnetic survey. This could in turn indicate the presence of buried metal at around 10 metres deep

Wednesday, 28 November 2012

WWII pigeon message stumps GCHQ decoders


WWII pigeon message stumps GCHQ decoders http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20456782
The BBC's Gordon Corera says the code "may never be cracked" Britain's top code-breakers say they are stumped by a secret code found on the leg of a dead pigeon. The remains of the bird were found in a chimney in Surrey with a message from World War II attached. Experts at the intelligence agency GCHQ have been struggling to decipher the message since they were provided with it a few weeks ago. They say it may be impossible to decode it without more information - some of which could come from the public. The message was discovered by David Martin when he was renovating the chimney of his house in Surrey. Among the rubbish, he found parts of a dead pigeon including a leg. Attached to the leg was a red canister. Inside the canister was a thin piece of paper with the words "Pigeon Service" at the top and 27 handwritten blocks of code.

This sounds like a fascinating conference with important ramifications for forensic linguistics (discourse analysis etc):
BYDGOSZCZ, POLAND 23-24 MAY 2013
http://impolin.com.pl/
The proposed topics for papers include, but are not limited to: theoretical frameworks - Neo-Gricean approaches to impoliteness - Discursive approaches to impoliteness - Relevance-theoretic approach to impoliteness - Cognitive linguistics in impoliteness research - Corpus-based studies of impoliteness - Sociolinguistic aspects of impoliteness - Pragmatic approaches to impoliteness, etc. Categories of description - disagreement - rudeness - ignorance - aggravation - offence - verbal aggression - sarcasm - mock politeness - humour and impoliteness - using taboo words - swearing and expletives, etc. Possible scope of empirical studies - impoliteness in translation (including literary and audiovisual translation, in particular in subtitles) - impoliteness in computer-mediated discourse - impoliteness in courtship setting - impoliteness in educational setting - impoliteness in institutional setting - impoliteness in interpersonal setting (face-face and multi-party conversations) - impoliteness across dialects and genres - impoliteness and power - impoliteness and identity - impoliteness and miscommunication - intentional and unintentional impoliteness - impoliteness perception and interpretation - impoliteness strategies - impoliteness and rapport management - linguistic and nonlinguistic impoliteness - impoliteness and prosody - multimodal approaches to impoliteness, etc.

Tuesday, 27 November 2012


An excellent Law and Linguistics blog: http://lawnlinguistics.com/briefs/

What is Forensic Linguistics?


US linguist Peter Tiersma provides this excellent definition at: http://www.languageandlaw.org/FORENSIC.HTM Forensic linguists are involved in many areas that relate to crime, both solving crime and absolving people wrongly accused of committing crimes. Some of these areas of research and expertise include: voice identification (for instance, determining whether the voice on a threatening tape recording was that of the defendant; sometimes also called forensic phonetics) author identification (determining who wrote a particular text by comparing it to known writing samples of a suspect; sometimes also called forensic stylistics) discourse analysis (analyzing the structure of a writing or spoken utterance, often coverly recorded, to help determine issues such as who is introducing topics or whether a suspect is agreeing to engage in a criminal conspiracy) linguistic proficiency (did a suspect understand the Miranda warning or police caution?) dialectology (determining which dialect of a language a person speaks, usually to show that a defendant has a different dialect from that on an incriminating tape recording. As opposed to voice identification, which analyzes the acoustic qualities of the voice, dialectology uses linguistic features to accomplish similar goals) "linguistic origin analysis" (this is my term for the process of trying to determine what a person's native language is, often for purposes of granting or denying applications for political asylum. A more common term is "language analysis," but that term is overly broad, it seems to me. Note that linguistic origin analysis is very similar to what we might call forensic dialectology) "linguistic veracity analysis" (again, I think I may have invented this term, but it refers to various linguistically-inspired methods for determining whether a speaker or writer was being truthful) These areas of research have varying degrees of acceptability or reliability within the field. Thus, voice identification, if done by a qualified phonetician who understands the limitations of the methodology and findings, is accepted as being relatively reliable (although whether it meets evidentiary standards of the courts is another issue, especially when the analysis is done by a technician based on machine analysis of the voice). See Peter Tiersma and Lawrence Solan, The Linguist on the Witness Stand: Forensic Linguistics in American Courts, 78 Language 221-39 (2002).

Monday, 26 November 2012

One of my favourite forensic museums


The Hans Grossman Museum at the University of Graz (Austria) has a fascinating collection of exhibits, and is well worth a visit. The early crime scene reports, pre photography, are meticulously hand-written and offer a rare insight into early forensic and crime scene investigation.
http://www.uni-graz.at/communication/news/audio_slide/files/Kriminalmuseum.mp4 („Stimmen der Kulturwissenschaften (Institut für Geschichte der Uni Wien) – Interview zur Kriminalwissenschaft mit Christian Bachhiesl“ )

Confidential destruction - a forensic scientist's obligation


Confidential confetti: Legible pieces of police documents found among confetti at Thanksgiving Day parade - Pieces of Nassau County Police documents were found among this year’s confetti at the Thanksgiving Day parade in New York - - Many of them include full social security numbers, dates of birth, phone numbers and license plate numbers -Some of the paper strips apparently include details about Mitt Romney's motorcade from the final presidential debate - The confetti strips even identify local undercover police detectives by name : http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2238005/Confidential-confetti-Legible-pieces-police-documents-confetti-Thanksgiving-Day-parade.html#ixzz2DGvYMmi4

Sunday, 25 November 2012

Creative morphology


Nice word - UNDISCOVER http://www.theage.com.au/technology/technology-news/where-did-it-go-scientists-undiscover-pacific-island-20121122-29ro4.html Most explorers dream of discovering uncharted territory, but a team of Australian scientists have done the exact opposite. They have found an island that doesn't exist. Even onboard the ship, the weather maps the captain had showed an island in this location. Dr Maria Seton, University of Sydney The island, named Sandy Island on Google Earth, also exists on marine charts and world maps and allegedly sits between Australia and New Caledonia in the south Pacific. The island that isn't ... how it is highlighted on a map The island that isn't ... how it is highlighted on a map But when the voyage's chief scientist, Maria Seton, and her crew sailed past where the island should be, they found nothing but blue ocean. Advertisement "We became suspicious when the navigation charts used by the ship showed a depth of 1400 metres in an area where our scientific maps and Google Earth showed the existence of a large island," Dr Maria Seton, a geologist from the University of Sydney, said. "Somehow this error has propagated through to the world coastline database from which a lot of maps are made."

Friday, 23 November 2012

Forensic Linguistics in the Philippines

An excellent article about the introduction of Forensic Linguistics to the Philippines FORENSIC LINGUISTICS Educators Speak By MARILU RAÑOSA-MADRUNIO, Ph.D. - UST November 3, 2012, 7:29pm THERE is a new subfield of linguistics – the scientific study of language – that has attracted attention and it is called Forensic Linguistics (or FL). In a recent summer school held for the first time in Asia, I was fortunate to study under Prof. Malcolm Coulthard of Aston University, United Kingdom, and Prof. John Gibbons of Monash University, Australia. Together they founded the professional organization for FL in 1993 and they subsequently headed the International Association of Forensic Linguists (IAFL), an organization of forensic linguists and researchers worldwide. Profs. Coulthard and Gibbons brought the first training on FL to Asia last July in collaboration with Dr. Azirah Hashim of the University of Malaya under the auspices of the International Summer School in Forensic Linguistic Analysis (ISSFLA). While this subfield has been explored in European countries and the US for some time now, it is just catching the attention of scholars in Asia. The University of Santo Tomas, which I represented during the training, is a lead institution from the Philippines that intends to offer the course as part of its graduate degree program. Please follow the link to read the whole article.

Wednesday, 21 November 2012

It's not all Big Bad Brother ...

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Nice article on approaching ambiguity in contracts

http://www.callawyer.com/Clstory.cfm?eid=891636

Admitting Extrinsic Evidence in California
February 2008


 

 

 



     
For years, courts and commentators have debated the circumstances under which extrinsic evidence should be admitted when interpreting contracts.
      According to the "plain meaning" school of thought endorsed by acclaimed contract expert Samuel Williston, extrinsic evidence should be admitted to aid construction of a contract only if the document appeared ambiguous on its face. (See Samuel Williston, A TREATISE ON THE LAW OF CONTRACTS, §§ 610, 618 (3d. ed. 1961).)
      By contrast, Williston's contemporary, Arthur Linton Corbin, advocated that even the most apparently plain and clear language should be interpreted in light of the circumstances that surrounded the inception of an agreement. (3 Arthur Linton Corbin, CORBIN ON CONTRACTS, § 579 (1960).) Under this approach, any kind of relevant evidence, including extrinsic evidence, may be used to prove the interceding and surrounding circumstances that might shed light on the meaning each party knew the other would impute to the words.
      As Corbin recognized, the plain meaning rule merely supplants the extrinsic evidence of the parties with that of the court. That is, the court is "making an interpretation on the sole basis of the extrinsic evidence of its own linguistic experience and education, of which it merely takes judicial notice." (Arthur Linton Corbin, The Interpretation of Words and the Parol Evidence Rule, 50 CORNELL L. Q. 161 at 189 (1965).) The Corbin approach advocates instead that language is malleable and the meaning of a word depends on its context.
      Even Oliver Wendell Holmes, often thought of as a plain meaning champion, noted more than a century ago: "It is not true that in practice (and I know no reason why theory should disagree with the facts) a given word or even a given collocation of words has one meaning and no other. A word generally has several meanings, even in the dictionary." (Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Theory of Legal Interpretation, 12 HARV. L. REV. 417 at 417 (1899). See also, Towne v. Eisner, 245 U.S. 418 at 425 (1918): "A word is not a crystal, transparent and unchanged, it is the skin of a living thought and may vary greatly in color and content according to the circumstances and the time in which it is used.") (Holmes, J.).)
  
Please follow link for rest of article

Friday, 16 November 2012

For anyone following the Corinna Marr case in Adelaide, Australia, the judge is currently making a decision on the admissibility of a secretly recorded police interview:

http://www.news.com.au/national/marr-boss-taped-police-interview-for-my-safety/story-fndo4dzn-1226517617530

THE FORMER boss of murdered model Corinna Marr says he secretly recorded a 2008 police interview because he believed the investigation was poorly handled and that he feared for his safety.
Colin Todd was Ms Marr's boss at a Firle real estate agency when she was shot dead in the bedroom of her Collinswood unit on the afternoon of July 4, 1997.
Mr Todd told the Supreme Court today that he had hidden a digital recorder in a bowl of fruit when he was interviewed by Detective Senior Sergeant John Keane and another detective in the kitchen of his home on October 23, 2008.
"The sole purpose of the actual recording was because of my safety," he said.
Mr Todd said he feared for his safety because he and a friend had gathered material on the murder when he became frustrated with his perceived lack of progress by police.
"There is a murderer out there and the situation is that if they get wind that we have been looking into the murder, you just don't know what could happen."
Mr Todd was called to give evidence to help Justice Trish Kelly determine whether the secret recording could be used in the defamation trial brought by suspect and former photographer Derick Sands, who is suing the state over claims police ruined his life by outing him as a suspect.
He said Det Snr Sgt Keane had rejected his assertion that he did not believe Mr Sands was the killer and that police should have investigated Ms Marr's husband Robert further.
Lawyers for Mr Sands are seeking to have the recording tendered as evidence in order to prove Det Snr Sgt Keane had omitted information provided by Mr Todd when he typed up the statement.
Crown lawyer Darrell Trim QC has objected to the tape being used in evidence and claimed Mr Todd and Mr Sands' legal team could have committed an offence under the Listening Devices Act by seeking to do so.

Thursday, 15 November 2012

http://gizmodo.com/5959509/apples-going-to-have-to-pay-all-of-samsungs-legal-fees-because-it-didnt-apologize-well-enough

and

http://gizmodo.com/5956268/apple-posts-its-apology-to-samsung-but-for-real-this-time?tag=apple-vs-samsung

Very interesting linguistics in all this ...


"After trying to be snarky and biting with its court ordered apology to Samsung, and being reprimanded by the UK court and told to fix it, Apple has now put a second, simple, much less back-handledly "Samsung's dumb and we're the coolest" apology on their UK webpage briefly, that a recent court decision, although the judgment found that Samsung's Galaxy tablets do not infringe on the iPad design, it "has effect throughout the European Union and was upheld by the Court of Appeals of England and Wales" on Oct. 18. "There is no injunction in respect of the community registered design in force anywhere in Europe," This was on Apple's web page in small, unclear print. 

Apple later complied with the judgment: "That statement was inaccurate and did not comply with the order of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. The correct statement is:

Samsung / Apple UK judgment

On 9 July 2012 the High Court of Justice of England and Wales ruled that Samsung Electronic (UK) Limited’s Galaxy Tablet Computers, namely the Galaxy Tab 10.1, Tab 8.9 and Tab 7.7 do not infringe Apple’s Community registered design No. 0000181607-0001. A copy of the full judgment of
the High Court is available from www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Patents/2012/1882.html.
That Judgment has effect throughout the European Union and was upheld by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales on 18 October 2012. A copy of the Court of Appeal’s judgment is available from www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2012/1339.html. There is no injunction in respect of the Community registered design in force anywhere in Europe."
 

Wednesday, 14 November 2012

Police seizure of text messages violated 4th Amendment, judge rules

But legality of warrantless cell phone seizures is still unsettled nationwide (nb. in the US for this particular example):

http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2012/09/police-seizure-of-text-messages-violated-4th-amendment-judge-rules/

Monday, 5 November 2012

The semantics of "drive" and a useful definition of a non-motorised vehicle: Kentucky law (KRS 189.520) prohibits the operation of a non-motorized vehicle (a vehicle that is not a motor vehicle) while under the influence of intoxicants or substance which may impair a person’s driving ability. That includes, those who are riding horses, bicycles, skateboards, etc.
 (http://www.wkyt.com/news/headlines/Man-on-horse-arrested-for-DUI-170100436.html)
The difference between a "vehicle" and a "motor vehicle": usually laws are amended or written to keep up with modern technology, but this is an interesting example of legislation being reworded to incorporate something the legislators had presumably forgotten still existed: "Wording in Section 265 of the Road Traffic Code relating to use of mobile phones was changed in March 2011 from "using a mobile phone while driving a motor vehicle” to "using a mobile phone while driving a vehicle.”

http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/horses-for-courses-not-for-mobile-phones/story-e6frg13u-1226475913273

F you have been caught out by a carefully placed speed camera while driving home from work, spare a thought for Swan Valley identity Ross Gundry.

Mr Gundry, who has run Swan Valley Wagon Trails for the past 14 years, was recently nabbed by a local copper for using a mobile phone while driving his Clydesdale horse Toffee down West Swan Road.

Mr Gundry, 56, said he was flabbergasted when pulled over by a motorcycle patrolman and issued with a ticket for $250.

"I’ve been operating all over Perth in the wagon trail business for more than 25 years and I’ve always used my mobile phone, believing that a horse-drawn vehicle was OK,” he said.

"After all, I’m only travelling at 2km/h.”

He said nine-year-old Toffee had regularly driven the Swan Valley route for the past four years and could "probably do it on her own”.
- and another example, this time DYI Forensic Acoustics:
http://kevinunderhill.typepad.com/Documents/Opinions/Ohio_v_Freitag.pdf (police officer testified that he "was trained to audibly determinenwherther a vehicale is speeding".)

"Esquire" Could Mean Lots of Things, Says Guy Not Licensed to Practice Law


or forensic linguistics, one might claim:

There are plenty of lawyers running around California, but there's likely to be one less in the near future.
Actually, it's not accurate to call John Mark Heurlin a "lawyer" at the moment, which is the whole point of this latest proceeding against him (the fourth or fifth depending on how you count). The first three involved fees. For example, in 2005 he was suspended for (among other things) refusing to turn over settlement money to his client because of a fee dispute. Mishandling client money is one of the cardinal sins of legal ethics, and here it contributed to a lengthy suspension. The order said Heurlin could seek reinstatement after two years, but he never did.
Nor did he ever actually stop practicing law.
This is a problem not just because the bar told him to stop but also because the unauthorized practice of law is a misdemeanor in California (like most places). According to this 2011 order, Heurlin didn't tell his partners he had been suspended, and when they found out (from opposing counsel), they voted to dissolve the partnership and they have all been fighting over the assets ever since. In the course of that fight and related matters, Heurlin continued to hold himself out as an attorney, using letterhead that said "Attorney at Law," signing his name "John M. Heurlin, Esq.," and signing a declaration stating that he was licensed to practice law in California. In 2011, citing this and the prior misconduct, the bar court recommended that he be disbarred.
One aggravating factor, the judge noted, was that Heurlin insisted there was nothing wrong with this, even though he was told by the Court of Appeal back in 2006 that it was troubled by his "cavalier" attitude toward his suspension (which at the time he was referring to as his "disability"). Five years later, his attitude had not improved:
Despite the appellate court's clear warnings and the legal authority it had provided to him, respondent argued before this court that terms such as “Esq.,” and “counselor at law,” “have no meaning in the State of California.”... At trial, respondent cross-examined witnesses about Esquire magazine in an attempt to show that the use of the honorific “Esq.” after the name of a suspended attorney … has no legal significance ….
For those of you thinking, that can't mean what I think it means, oh yes it can. It is a little clearer in the more recent ruling on Heurlin's appeal of the recommendation:
Heurlin further argues that the word "Esquire" has many meanings, including that of property owner and subscriber to the magazine Esquire. This argument is unconvincing because we do not focus on a single usage of a particular word [but rather] the context of the words and the general course of conduct.
(Emphasis added.) Yes, that's true. It's also unconvincing because, for example, no human being on the face of the Earth would ever put "Esq." after his name to indicate that he subscribes to Esquire. Let me know if I'm wrong about this, by all means. Yours sincerely, M. Kevin Underhill, J.D., Esq., Sci. Am., Nat. Geo., Sprts. Ill. (Swimsuit).
Heurlin's position appears to be that he can describe himself as an attorney because he is representing himself, a position that cannot be described as correct. From here, the recommendation goes to the state supreme court, which I am guessing will accept it. Whether or not that will matter to this guy remains to be seen.

Friday, 2 November 2012

One source of data for the forensic linguist is the extortion note - but when the alleged extortioner marks the letters "Ëxtortion Notice" and does little to hide his identity, there is (sadly for us) no need to call in a forensic linguist.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2211855/Vivek-Shah-Indictment-shows-actors-chilling-extortion-threat-victims-like-Harvey-Weinstein.html
Part of the indictment (from TheSmokingGun

Welcome to Forensically Blogging - the official blog of AudioLex Forensics and JCAAT Consulting
- we have modernised our printed newsletter "Forensically Speaking" and launched ourselves - with certain trepidation but great enthusiasm - into the blogosphere.

And about time too, we suspect, given that our office technology has moved, over the last 20+ years, from a huge old drum spectrogram with its own laboratory to a software programme on desktop or laptop, from downloading audio files a few Mb at a time in separate files or physically collecting evidence to using on-line systems for instant access from just about anywhere. Police interviews are  now recorded, so no more wading through badly type-written notes of interviews because our client claims he was verballed. I can discuss something with my favourite Arabic interpreter in Australia by email rather than driving through a blizzard to try talking to a less than helpful one in [UK city deleted] ...

So ... what else new?

Social media like blogs, Facebook, LinkedIn and so on have not only revolutionised the way we connect with friends, families, clients and colleagues (not to mention opposing experts), but have also provided a very rich source of forensic linguistic evidence. More on this later, but an interesting case still being argued is the Paul Ceglia / Mark Zuckerberg Facebook case.

I'll be using this blog to provide links to and comments on cases in and out of the news, technology, techniques, conferences and other events, publications and anything else that you the reader(s) or I think is useful or interesting. Hopefully we can get some contributions and discussions going. (Preferably but not mandatorily in English!)

Here are some to start with:

Case report "Mi Casa no es tu Kazaa"  

http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/06/14/kazaa_german_trademark/

part of the discussion: The second syllable of Casa starts with the letter 's', while the mark applied for Kazaa contains the quite unusual letter 'z', Sharman argued. Moreover, the double letter 'a' is atypical in the German language. From a phonetic point of view, Casa is pronounced as the Spanish word 'casa', with the emphasis on the first syllable 'ca' and a soft and short sound for the second syllable. The Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, however, came to the conclusion that the trade marks indeed are phonetically similar in the German language.

Next Forensic Linguistics Conference:

11th Biennial Conference on Forensic Linguistics/Language and Law

11th Biennial Conference on Forensic Linguistics/Language and Law
of the International Association of Forensic Linguists (IAFL)
24th-27th June, 2013
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM
(National Autonomous University of Mexico)

 Proposed Legislation

http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/right-to-silence-law-changed-20120814-2462p.html

The right to silence will be watered down under changes announced today by the O'Farrell government as part of its response to bikie gang violence.
People will be warned that they may risk harming their defence in court if they refuse to give police information about a crime under proposed new laws.
It's been too easy to say: 'I have nothing to say'. Jurors are smart enough to know if there is something suspicious about evidence which suddenly appears at a trial and is designed to get the accused off. 
The caution police now give is: "You are not obliged to say or do anything unless you wish to do so, but whatever you say or do may be used in evidence. Do you understand?"
This will be changed to: "You are not obliged to say or do anything unless you wish to do so. But it may harm your defence if you do not mention when questioned something you later rely on in court. Anything you do say and do may be given in evidence. Do you understand?" (follow link for rest of article)